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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-10-09
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A Man Who Believed in Mankind
July 11, 1983
R. Buckminster Fuller: 1895-1983
He was an American Original, a cranky genius and an ingenious crank.
He liked to call himself "an engineer, inventor, mathematician,
architect, cartographer, philosopher, poet, cosmologist, comprehensive
designer and choreographer." He was also a mystical optimist who
believed in the survival of mankind against whatever odds.
Through technology, R. (for Richard) Buckminster Fuller would say,
"man can do anything he needs to do." He urged young people to
"reform the environment instead of trying to reform man." He argued,
in the face of the Malthusian theory of human overpopulation and
ultimate self-destruction, that "the entire population of the earth
could live compactly on a properly designed Haiti and comfortably on
the British Isles." He once declared that "man has the capability
through proper planning and use of natural resources to forever feed
himself and house himself and live in workless leisure." He dreamed
of mile-high floating cities and of a Manhattan enshrouded in a
gargantuan plastic dome. But he was more than just a dreamer. When
he died of a heart attack last week at 87, while visiting his wife at
a Los Angeles hospital, "Bucky" Fuller left behind him, in the real
world, thousands of geodesic domes that are used as theaters,
auditoriums and defense facilities as well as dwelling places.
The descendant of a distinguished New England family, Fuller was the
fifth generation of his family to go to Harvard. He was expelled in
1914 for blowing his tuition and expense money on a spree for the
members of a Broadway chorus line. He worked in a Canadian machinery
factory, was invited back to Harvard, was expelled for a second time,
served in the Navy during World War I and went on to study science at
the Naval Academy in Annapolis. During the 1920s he spent five years
in an alcoholic depression following the death of a four-year-old
daughter. One night in 1927, while standing on the shore of Lake
Michigan, he found himself redeemed from his thoughts of self-
destruction by a private vision. He told himself, "You do not have
the right to eliminate yourself. You belong to the universe." Years
later he explained, "I made a bargain with myself that I'd discover
the principles operative in the universe and turn them over to my
fellow men."
Then began his years of high creativity. He designed the Dymaxion
House, and easily transported structure with roofs hung from a central
mast and with outer walls of glass. He sought to give the design to
the American Institute of Architects, which haughtily rejected all
such "peas-in-the-pod-like reproducible designs." Years later the
institute gave Fuller, who never formally studies architecture, a
gold medal for his contributions to the field. In the early 1930s he
produced the three-wheeled Dymaxion automobile, which attained 120-
m.p.h. speeds using a standard 90-m.h.p. engine. The car was never
manufactured commercially. After that, he invented the Dymaxion map,
the first to show continents on a flat surface without distortion.
In 1947, Fuller patented the geodesic dome, which used pyramid-shaped
tetrahedrons to attain great strength without internal supports and to
cover more space with less material than any other building ever
designed. The first commercial sale was to the Ford Motor Co. Other
geodesic domes housed DEW-line stations in the Arctic, a concert
auditorium in Honolulu and the U.S. Pavilion at Expo '67 in Montreal.
Most of Fuller's inventions, though influential, did not make him
money. But his tireless preaching in favor of "synergetic" methods of
seeking solutions to mankind's problems brought him a wide following.
During the last two decades of his life he became a favorite of the
hippies of the 1960s, the environmentalists of the 1970s and all who
chose to believe with him that "we're at the point where humanity has
the option to make it."